TY - JOUR TI - The Search Value Added by Professional Indexing to a Bibliographic Database AU - Hider, Philip T2 - Official Journal of the International Society for Knowledge Organization AB - Gross et al. (2015) have demonstrated that about a quarter of hits would typically be lost to keyword searchers if contemporary academic library catalogs dropped their controlled subject headings. This article re- ports on an investigation of the search value that subject descriptors and identifiers assigned by professional indexers add to a bibliographic database, namely the Australian Education Index (AEI). First, a similar methodology to that developed by Gross et al. (2015) was applied, with keyword searches representing a range of educational topics run on the AEI database with and without its subject indexing. The results indicated that AEI users would also lose, on average, about a quarter of hits per query. Second, an alternative research design was applied in which an experienced literature searcher was asked to find resources on a set of educational topics on an AEI database stripped of its subject indexing and then asked to search for additional resources on the same topics after the subject indexing had been reinserted. In this study, the proportion of additional resources that would have been lost had it not been for the subject indexing was again found to be about a quarter of the total resources found for each topic, on average. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 32 LA - en SN - 0943-7444 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction. La classification à facettes revisitée. De la théorie à la pratique AU - Hudon, Michèle AU - Mustafa El Hadi, Widad T2 - Les Cahiers du numérique DA - 2017/04/13/ PY - 2017 DP - Cairn.info VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 9 EP - 24 LA - fr SN - 1622-1494 UR - http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=LCN_131_0009 Y2 - 2017/04/13/19:53:05 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An ontology-based model for indexing and retrieval AU - Gödert, Winfried T2 - Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology AB - The presented ontology-based model for indexing and retrieval combines the methods and experiences of traditional indexing languages with their cognitively interpreted entities and relationships with the strengths and possibilities of formal knowledge representation. The core component of the model uses inferences along the paths of typed relations between the entities of a knowledge representation for enabling the determination of result sets in the context of retrieval processes. A proposal for a general, but condensed, inventory of typed relations is given. The entities are arranged in aspect-oriented facets to ensure a consistent hierarchical structure. The possible consequences for indexing and retrieval are discussed. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1002/asi.23420 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 594 EP - 609 LA - en SN - 2330-1643 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.23420 Y2 - 2019/01/25/02:43:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A systematic review of interactive information retrieval evaluation studies, 1967–2006 AU - Kelly, Diane AU - Sugimoto, Cassidy R. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AB - With the increasing number and diversity of search tools available, interest in the evaluation of search systems, particularly from a user perspective, has grown among researchers. More researchers are designing and evaluating interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems and beginning to innovate in evaluation methods. Maturation of a research specialty relies on the ability to replicate research, provide standards for measurement and analysis, and understand past endeavors. This article presents a historical overview of 40 years of IIR evaluation studies using the method of systematic review. A total of 2,791 journal and conference units were manually examined and 127 articles were selected for analysis in this study, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were systematically coded using features such as author, publication date, sources and references, and properties of the research method used in the articles, such as number of subjects, tasks, corpora, and measures. Results include data describing the growth of IIR studies over time, the most frequently occurring and cited authors and sources, and the most common types of corpora and measures used. An additional product of this research is a bibliography of IIR evaluation research that can be used by students, teachers, and those new to the area. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first historical, systematic characterization of the IIR evaluation literature, including the documentation of methods and measures used by researchers in this specialty. DA - 2013/04/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1002/asi.22799 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - 745 EP - 770 J2 - J Am Soc Inf Sci Tec LA - en SN - 1532-2890 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.22799 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facet analysis: The logical approach to knowledge organization AU - Hjørland, Birger T2 - Information Processing & Management AB - The facet-analytic paradigm is probably the most distinct approach to knowledge organization within Library and Information Science, and in many ways it has dominated what has be termed “modern classification theory”. It was mainly developed by S.R. Ranganathan and the British Classification Research Group, but it is mostly based on principles of logical division developed more than two millennia ago. Colon Classification (CC) and Bliss 2 (BC2) are among the most important systems developed on this theoretical basis, but it has also influenced the development of other systems, such as the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and is also applied in many websites. It still has a strong position in the field and it is the most explicit and “pure” theoretical approach to knowledge organization (KO) (but it is not by implication necessarily also the most important one). The strength of this approach is its logical principles and the way it provides structures in knowledge organization systems (KOS). The main weaknesses are (1) its lack of empirical basis and (2) its speculative ordering of knowledge without basis in the development or influence of theories and socio-historical studies. It seems to be based on the problematic assumption that relations between concepts are a priori and not established by the development of models, theories and laws. DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.ipm.2012.10.001 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 545 EP - 557 J2 - Information Processing & Management LA - en SN - 0306-4573 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306457312001203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Faceted classification as a general theory for knowledge organization AU - Broughton, Vanda T2 - SRELS Journal of Information Management AB - The Classification Research Group manifesto of 1955, 'Faceted classification as the basis of all information retrieval', has been at least in part achieved, and there is much evidence of faceted classification influencing a whole range of modern information retrieval tools. This paper examines the theory underlying faceted classification, how and why it has been taken up so widely, and what benefits it brings to the activity of knowledge organization. The role of facet analysis as a general research tool is also considered, and how it compares with other content analysis tools as a means of modelling subject domains. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - 735 EP - 750 LA - en ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of training and stage of search on gaze behavior in a library catalog faceted search interface AU - Kules, Bill AU - Capra, Robert T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AB - This study examined how searchers interact with a web-based, faceted library catalog when conducting exploratory searches. It applied multiple methods, including eye tracking and stimulated recall interviews, to investigate important aspects of faceted search interface use, specifically: (a) searcher gaze behavior—what components of the interface searchers look at; (b) how gaze behavior differs when training is and is not provided; (c) how gaze behavior changes as searchers become familiar with the interface; and (d) how gaze behavior differs depending on the stage of the search process. The results confirm previous findings that facets account for approximately 10–30% of interface use. They show that providing a 60-second video demonstration increased searcher use of facets. However, searcher use of the facets did not evolve during the study session, which suggests that searchers may not, on their own, rapidly apply the faceted interfaces. The findings also suggest that searcher use of interface elements varied by the stage of their search during the session, with higher use of facets during decision-making stages. These findings will be of interest to librarians and interface designers who wish to maximize the value of faceted searching for patrons, as well as to researchers who study search behavior. DA - 2012/01/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1002/asi.21647 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 114 EP - 138 LA - en SN - 1532-2890 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.21647 Y2 - 2018/08/03/17:38:37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Usability studies of faceted browsing : a literature review AU - Fagan, Jody Condit T2 - Information Technology and Libraries AB - Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today’s library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of “next-generation” library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs. DA - 2010/06/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.6017/ital.v29i2.3144 DP - ejournals.bc.edu VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 58 EP - 66 LA - en SN - 2163-5226 ST - Usability Studies of Faceted Browsing UR - http://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ital/article/view/3144 Y2 - 2016/08/17/01:22:03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The foundation of the concept of relevance AU - Hjørland, Birger T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AB - In 1975 Tefko Saracevic declared “the subject knowledge view” to be the most fundamental perspective of relevance. This paper examines the assumptions in different views of relevance, including “the system's view” and “the user's view” and offers a reinterpretation of these views. The paper finds that what was regarded as the most fundamental view by Saracevic in 1975 has not since been considered (with very few exceptions). Other views, which are based on less fruitful assumptions, have dominated the discourse on relevance in information retrieval and information science. Many authors have reexamined the concept of relevance in information science, but have neglected the subject knowledge view, hence basic theoretical assumptions seem not to have been properly addressed. It is as urgent now as it was in 1975 seriously to consider “the subject knowledge view” of relevance (which may also be termed “the epistemological view”). The concept of relevance, like other basic concepts, is influenced by overall approaches to information science, such as the cognitive view and the domain-analytic view. There is today a trend toward a social paradigm for information science. This paper offers an understanding of relevance from such a social point of view. DA - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1002/asi.21261 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 217 EP - 237 LA - en SN - 1532-2890 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.21261 Y2 - 2018/04/25/22:21:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facet analysis AU - La Barre, Kathryn T2 - Annual Review of Information Science and Technology DA - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 243 EP - 284 J2 - Ann. Rev. Info. Sci. Tech. LA - en SN - 1550-8382 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aris.2010.1440440113/abstract Y2 - 2017/01/27/20:36:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methods for Evaluating Interactive Information Retrieval Systems with Users AU - Kelly, Diane T2 - Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval AB - This paper provides overview and instruction regarding the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems with users. The primary goal of this article is to catalog and compile material related to this topic into a single source. This article (1) provides historical background on the development of user-centered approaches to the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems; (2) describes the major components of interactive information retrieval system evaluation; (3) describes different experimental designs and sampling strategies; (4) presents core instruments and data collection techniques and measures; (5) explains basic data analysis techniques; and (4) reviews and discusses previous studies. This article also discusses validity and reliability issues with respect to both measures and methods, presents background information on research ethics and discusses some ethical issues which are specific to studies of interactive information retrieval (IIR). Finally, this article concludes with a discussion of outstanding challenges and future research directions. DA - 2009/04/28/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1561/1500000012 DP - www.nowpublishers.com VL - 3 IS - 1–2 SP - 1 EP - 224 J2 - INR LA - en SN - 1554-0669, 1554-0677 UR - https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/INR-012 Y2 - 2018/08/07/21:38:06 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Faceted search AU - Tunkelang, Daniel T2 - Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services AB - We live in an information age that requires us, more than ever, to represent, access, and use information. Over the last several decades, we have developed a modern science and technology for information retrieval, relentlessly pursuing the vision of a "memex" that Vannevar Bush proposed in his seminal article, "As We May Think." Faceted search plays a key role in this program. Faceted search addresses weaknesses of conventional search approaches and has emerged as a foundation for interactive information retrieval. User studies demonstrate that faceted search provides more effective information-seeking support to users than best-first search. Indeed, faceted search has become increasingly prevalent in online information access systems, particularly for e-commerce and site search. In this lecture, we explore the history, theory, and practice of faceted search. Although we cannot hope to be exhaustive, our aim is to provide sufficient depth and breadth to offer a useful resource to both researchers and practitioners. Because faceted search is an area of interest to computer scientists, information scientists, interface designers, and usability researchers, we do not assume that the reader is a specialist in any of these fields. Rather, we offer a self-contained treatment of the topic, with an extensive bibliography for those who would like to pursue particular aspects in more depth. DA - 2009/01/01/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.2200/S00190ED1V01Y200904ICR005 DP - morganclaypool.com (Atypon) VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 80 J2 - Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services LA - en SN - 1947-945X UR - http://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/s00190ed1v01y200904icr005 Y2 - 2017/04/09/19:44:57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploratory Search: Beyond the Query-Response Paradigm AU - White, Ryen W. AU - Roth, Resa A. T2 - Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services AB - As information becomes more ubiquitous and the demands that searchers have on search systems grow, there is a need to support search behaviors beyond simple lookup. Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Exploratory search describes an information-seeking problem context that is open-ended, persistent, and multifaceted, and information-seeking processes that are opportunistic, iterative, and multitactical. Exploratory searchers aim to solve complex problems and develop enhanced mental capacities. Exploratory search systems support this through symbiotic human-machine relationships that provide guidance in exploring unfamiliar information landscapes. Exploratory search has gained prominence in recent years. There is an increased interest from the information retrieval, information science, and human-computer interaction communities in moving beyond the traditional turn-taking interaction model supported by major Web search engines, and toward support for human intelligence amplification and information use. In this lecture, we introduce exploratory search, relate it to relevant extant research, outline the features of exploratory search systems, discuss the evaluation of these systems, and suggest some future directions for supporting exploratory search. Exploratory search is a new frontier in the search domain and is becoming increasingly important in shaping our future world. DA - 2009/01/01/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.2200/S00174ED1V01Y200901ICR003 DP - morganclaypool.com (Atypon) VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 98 J2 - Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services LA - en SN - 1947-945X ST - Exploratory Search UR - https://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00174ED1V01Y200901ICR003 Y2 - 2018/05/27/16:27:17 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Search user interfaces AU - Hearst, Marti DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0-521-11379-2 ER - TY - CONF TI - What Do Exploratory Searchers Look at in a Faceted Search Interface? AU - Kules, Bill AU - Capra, Robert AU - Banta, Matthew AU - Sierra, Tito T3 - JCDL '09 AB - This study examined how searchers interacted with a web-based, faceted library catalog when conducting exploratory searches. It applied eye tracking, stimulated recall interviews, and direct observation to investigate important aspects of gaze behavior in a faceted search interface: what components of the interface searchers looked at, for how long, and in what order. It yielded empirical data that will be useful for both practitioners (e.g., for improving search interface designs), and researchers (e.g., to inform models of search behavior). Results of the study show that participants spent about 50 seconds per task looking at (fixating on) the results, about 25 seconds looking at the facets, and only about 6 seconds looking at the query itself. These findings suggest that facets played an important role in the exploratory search process. C1 - New York, NY, USA C3 - Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1145/1555400.1555452 DP - ACM Digital Library SP - 313 EP - 322 LA - en PB - ACM SN - 978-1-60558-322-8 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1555400.1555452 Y2 - 2018/08/07/18:20:12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 'information search process' revisited: is the model still useful? AU - Kuhlthau, Carol C. AU - Heinström, Jannica AU - Todd, Ross J. T2 - Information Research AB - Introduction. This paper examines the continued usefulness of Kuhlthau's Information Search Process as a model of information behaviour in new, technologically rich information environments. Method. A comprehensive review of research that has explored the model in various settings and a study employing qualitative and quantitative methods undertaken in the context of an inquiry project among school students (n=574). Students were interviewed at three stages of the information search process, during which nine feelings were identified and tracked. Results. Findings show individual patterns, but confirm the Information Search Process as a valid model in the changing information environment for describing information behaviour in tasks that require knowledge construction. The findings support the progression of feelings, thoughts and actions as suggested by the search process model. Conclusions. The information search process model remains useful for explaining students' information behaviour. The model was found to have value as a research tool as well as for practical application. DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008 DP - EBSCOhost VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 45 EP - 45 J2 - Information Research LA - en SN - 13681613 ST - The 'information search process' revisited ER - TY - JOUR TI - Faceted Classification for the Web AU - Vickery, Brian T2 - Axiomathes AB - The article describes the nature of a faceted classification, and its application in document retrieval. The kinds of facet used are illustrated. Procedures are then discussed for identifying facets in a subject field, populating the facets with individual subject terms, arranging these in helpful sequences, using the scheme to classify documents, and searching the resultant classified index, with particular reference to Internet search. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s10516-007-9025-9 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 160 J2 - Axiomathes LA - en SN - 1572-8390 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10516-007-9025-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relevance: A review of the literature and a framework for thinking on the notion in information science. Part III: Behavior and effects of relevance AU - Saracevic, Tefko T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AB - All is flux. —Plato on Knowledge in the Theaetetus (about 369 BC) Relevance is a, if not even the, key notion in information science in general and information retrieval in particular. This two-part critical review traces and synthesizes the scholarship on relevance over the past 30 years or so and provides an updated framework within which the still widely dissonant ideas and works about relevance might be interpreted and related. It is a continuation and update of a similar review that appeared in 1975 under the same title, considered here as being Part I. The present review is organized in two parts: Part II addresses the questions related to nature and manifestations of relevance, and Part III addresses questions related to relevance behavior and effects. In Part II, the nature of relevance is discussed in terms of meaning ascribed to relevance, theories used or proposed, and models that have been developed. The manifestations of relevance are classified as to several kinds of relevance that form an interdependent system of relevancies. In Part III, relevance behavior and effects are synthesized using experimental and observational works that incorporated data. In both parts, each section concludes with a summary that in effect provides an interpretation and synthesis of contemporary thinking on the topic treated or suggests hypotheses for future research. Analyses of some of the major trends that shape relevance work are offered in conclusions. DA - 2007/11/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1002/asi.20681 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 58 IS - 13 SP - 2126 EP - 2144 LA - en SN - 1532-2890 ST - Relevance UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.20681 Y2 - 2018/04/25/22:24:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance and usability testing of multidimensional taxonomy in web site search and navigation AU - Nasir Uddin, Mohammad AU - Janecek, Paul T2 - Performance Measurement and Metrics AB - Purpose – Development of an effective search system and interface largely depends on usability studies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of an empirical evaluation of a prototype web site search and browsing tool based on multidimensional taxonomies derived from the use of faceted classification. Design/methodology/approach – A prototype Faceted Classification System (FCS), which classifies and organizes web documents under different facets (orthogonal sets of categories), was implemented on the domain of an academic institute. Facet are created from content oriented metadata, and then assembled into multiple taxonomies that describe alternative classifications of the web site content, such as by subject and location. The search and browsing interfaces use these taxonomies to enable users to access information in multiple ways. The paper compares the FCS interfaces to the existing single‐classification system to evaluate the usability of the facets in typical navigation and searching tasks. Findings – The findings suggest that performance and usability are significantly better with the FCS in the areas of efficient access, search success, flexibility, understanding of content, relevant search result, and satisfaction. These results are especially promising since unfamiliarity often leads users to reject new search interfaces. Originality/value – The results of the study in this paper can significantly contribute to interface research in the IR community, emphasizing the advantages of multidimensional taxonomies in online information collections. DA - 2007/03/27/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1108/14678040710748058 DP - emeraldinsight.com (Atypon) VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 18 EP - 33 J2 - Performance Measurement Metric LA - en SN - 1467-8047 UR - https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/14678040710748058 Y2 - 2018/08/03/17:47:56 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Building a faceted classification for the humanities: principles and procedures AU - Broughton, Vanda AU - Slavic, Aida T2 - Journal of Documentation AB - Purpose – This paper aims to provide an overview of principles and procedures involved in creating a faceted classification scheme for use in resource discovery in an online environment. Design/methodology/approach – Facet analysis provides an established rigorous methodology for the conceptual organization of a subject field, and the structuring of an associated classification or controlled vocabulary. This paper explains how that methodology was applied to the humanities in the FATKS project, where the objective was to explore the potential of facet analytical theory for creating a controlled vocabulary for the humanities, and to establish the requirements of a faceted classification appropriate to an online environment. A detailed faceted vocabulary was developed for two areas of the humanities within a broader facet framework for the whole of knowledge. Research issues included how to create a data model which made the faceted structure explicit and machine-readable and provided for its further development and use. Findings – In order to support easy facet combination in indexing, and facet searching and browsing on the interface, faceted classification requires a formalized data structure and an appropriate tool for its management. The conceptual framework of a faceted system proper can be applied satisfactorily to humanities, and fully integrated within a vocabulary management system. Research limitations/implications – The procedures described in this paper are concerned only with the structuring of the classification, and do not extend to indexing, retrieval and application issues. Practical implications – Many stakeholders in the domain of resource discovery consider developing their own classification system and supporting tools. The methods described in this paper may clarify the process of building a faceted classification and may provide some useful ideas with respect to the vocabulary maintenance tool. Originality/value – As far as the authors are aware there is no comparable research in this area. CN - Texte imprimé DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 VL - 63 IS - 5 SP - 727 EP - 754 LA - en ST - Building a faceted classification for the humanities: principles and procedures ER - TY - CONF TI - Design recommendations for hierarchical faceted search interfaces AU - Hearst, Marti AB - This paper presents interface design recommendations for faceted navigation systems, based on 13 years of experience in experimenting with and evaluating such designs. C3 - ACM SIGIR workshop on faceted search DA - 2006/08// PY - 2006 SP - 1 EP - 5 LA - en PB - Seattle, WA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Information Seeking: Towards a General Model of Information Behaviour AU - Godbold, Natalya T2 - Information Research: An International Electronic Journal AB - Introduction: The aim of the paper is to propose new models of information behaviour that extend the concept beyond simply information seeking to consider other modes of behaviour. The models chiefly explored are those of Wilson and Dervin. Argument: A shortcoming of some models of information behaviour is that they present a sequence of stages where it is evident that actual behaviour is not always sequential. In addition, information behaviour models tend to confine themselves to depictions of information seeking. Development: A model of "multi-directionality" is explored, to overcome the notion of sequential stages. Inspired by authors such as Chatman, Krikelas, and Savolainen, modes of information behaviour such as creating, destroying and avoiding information are included. Conclusion: New models of information behaviour are presented that replace the notion of "barriers" with the concept of "gap", as a means of integrating the views of Wilson and Dervin. The proposed models incorporate the notion of multi-directionality and identify ways in which an individual may navigate "gap" using modes of information behaviour beyond information seeking. DA - 2006/07// PY - 2006 DP - ERIC VL - 11 IS - 4 LA - en SN - 1368-1613 ST - Beyond Information Seeking UR - https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1104640 Y2 - 2019/01/25/00:47:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval AU - Broughton, Vanda T2 - Aslib Proceedings A2 - Dawson, Andy AB - Purpose – The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of faceted classification and the faceted analytical method on the development of various information retrieval tools over the latter part of the twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries. Design/methodology/approach – The article presents an examination of various subject access tools intended for retrieval of both print and digital materials to determine whether they exhibit features of faceted systems. Some attention is paid to use of the faceted approach as a means of structuring information on commercial web sites. The secondary and research literature is also surveyed for commentary on and evaluation of facet analysis as a basis for the building of vocabulary and conceptual tools. Findings – The study finds that faceted systems are now very common, with a major increase in their use over the last 15 years. Most LIS subject indexing tools (classifications, subject heading lists and thesauri) now demonstrate features of facet analysis to a greater or lesser degree. A faceted approach is frequently taken to the presentation of product information on commercial web sites, and there is an independent strand of theory and documentation related to this application. There is some significant research on semi‐automatic indexing and retrieval (query expansion and query formulation) using facet analytical techniques. Originality/value – This article provides an overview of an important conceptual approach to information retrieval, and compares different understandings and applications of this methodology. DA - 2006/01// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1108/00012530610648671 VL - 58 IS - 1/2 SP - 49 EP - 72 LA - en SN - 0001-253X ER - TY - CONF TI - Understanding User Goals in Web Search AU - Rose, Daniel E. AU - Levinson, Danny T3 - WWW '04 AB - Previous work on understanding user web search behavior has focused on how people search and what they are searching for, but not why they are searching. In this paper, we describe a framework for understanding the underlying goals of user searches, and our experience in using the framework to manually classify queries from a web search engine. Our analysis suggests that so-called navigational" searches are less prevalent than generally believed while a previously unexplored "resource-seeking" goal may account for a large fraction of web searches. We also illustrate how this knowledge of user search goals might be used to improve future web search engines. C1 - New York, NY, USA C3 - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1145/988672.988675 DP - ACM Digital Library SP - 13 EP - 19 LA - en PB - ACM SN - 978-1-58113-844-3 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/988672.988675 Y2 - 2018/03/28/23:29:13 ER - TY - BLOG TI - How to Make a Faceted Classification and Put It On the Web AU - Denton, William T2 - Miskatonic University Press DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 LA - en UR - https://www.miskatonic.org/library/facet-web-howto.html Y2 - 2016/08/16/15:53:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Taxonomy of Web Search AU - Broder, Andrei T2 - SIGIR Forum AB - Classic IR (information retrieval) is inherently predicated on users searching for information, the so-called "information need". But the need behind a web search is often not informational -- it might be navigational (give me the url of the site I want to reach) or transactional (show me sites where I can perform a certain transaction, e.g. shop, download a file, or find a map). We explore this taxonomy of web searches and discuss how global search engines evolved to deal with web-specific needs. DA - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1145/792550.792552 DP - ACM Digital Library VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 3 EP - 10 LA - en SN - 0163-5840 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/792550.792552 Y2 - 2018/08/03/16:55:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Finding the flow in web site search AU - Hearst, Marti AU - Elliott, Ame AU - English, Jennifer AU - Sinha, Rashmi AU - Swearingen, Kirsten AU - Yee, Ka-Ping T2 - Communications of the ACM AB - Designing a search system and interface may best be served (and executed) by scrutinizing usability studies. DA - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1145/567498.567525 DP - ACM Digital Library VL - 45 IS - 9 SP - 42 EP - 49 J2 - Communications of the ACM LA - en SN - 0001-0782 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/567498.567525 ER - TY - CONF TI - Hierarchical Faceted Metadata in Site Search Interfaces AU - English, Jennifer AU - Hearst, Marti AU - Sinha, Rashmi AU - Swearingen, Kirsten AU - Yee, Ka-Ping T3 - CHI EA '02 AB - One of the most pressing usability issues in the design of large web sites is that of the organization of search results. A previous study on a moderate-sized web site indicated that users understood and preferred dynamically organized faceted metadata over standard search. We are now examining how to scale this approach to very large collections, since it is difficult to present hierarchical faceted metadata in a manner appealing and understandable to general users. We have iteratively designed and tested interfaces that address these design challenges; the most recent version is receiving enthusiastic responses in ongoing usability studies. C1 - New York, NY, USA C3 - CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1145/506443.506517 DP - ACM Digital Library SP - 628 EP - 639 LA - en PB - ACM SN - 978-1-58113-454-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/506443.506517 Y2 - 2018/07/06/01:46:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Searching the web: The public and their queries AU - Spink, Amanda AU - Wolfram, Dietmar AU - Jansen, Major B. J. AU - Saracevic, Tefko T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology AB - In studying actual Web searching by the public at large, we analyzed over one million Web queries by users of the Excite search engine. We found that most people use few search terms, few modified queries, view few Web pages, and rarely use advanced search features. A small number of search terms are used with high frequency, and a great many terms are unique; the language of Web queries is distinctive. Queries about recreation and entertainment rank highest. Findings are compared to data from two other large studies of Web queries. This study provides an insight into the public practices and choices in Web searching. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DO - 10.1002/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1591>3.0.CO;2-R DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 226 EP - 234 LA - en SN - 1532-2890 ST - Searching the web UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1097-4571%282000%299999%3A9999%3C%3A%3AAID-ASI1591%3E3.0.CO%3B2-R Y2 - 2019/01/21/23:57:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Des classifications aux thésaurus : du bon usage des facettes AU - Maniez, Jacques T2 - Documentaliste AB - L'usage du terme facette est bien intégré au vocabulaire de la science de l'information, mais les acceptions du mot sont si variables selon les auteurs que la perception de son contenu en devient problématique. L'A. montre ici que ces difficultés remontent au fondateur de la théorie des facettes, Ranganathan, qui a malencontreusement choisi un terme métaphorique du vocabulaire courant déjà chargé de sens, et dont la théorie des facettes est toujours restée ambiguë. L'auteur de cette étude en montre les inconsistances à partir du modèle linguistique des deux axes du langage, puis repère les grandes étapes de l'évolution qui a conduit les partisans des facettes du schéma analytico-synthétique de Ranganathan au schéma analytique du thésaurus à facettes. II plaide enfin pour un usage plus rigoureux du terme et de l'outil, qui fasse clairement le partage entre la classification des concepts et le classement des sujets. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Open WorldCat VL - 36 IS - 4/5 SP - 249 EP - 264 LA - fr SN - 0012-4508 ST - Des classifications aux thesaurus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information foraging AU - Pirolli, Peter AU - Card, Stuart T2 - Psychological Review AB - Information foraging theory is an approach to understanding how strategies and technologies for information seeking, gathering, and consumption are adapted to the flux of information in the environment. The theory assumes that people, when possible, will modify their strategies or the structure of the environment to maximize their rate of gaining valuable information. The theory is developed by (a) adaptation (rational) analysis of information foraging problems and (b) a detailed process model (adaptive control of thought in information foraging [ACT-IF]). The adaptation analysis develops (a) information patch models, which deal with time allocation and information filtering and enrichment activities in environments in which information is encountered in clusters; (b) information scent models, which address the identification of information value from proximal cues; and (c) information diet models, which address decisions about the selection and pursuit of information items. ACT-IF is instantiated as a production system model of people interacting with complex information technology. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.643 DP - APA PsycNET VL - 106 IS - 4 SP - 643 EP - 675 LA - en SN - 1939-1471 0033-295X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Models in information behaviour research AU - Wilson, T. D. T2 - Journal of Documentation AB - This paper presents an outline of models of information seeking and other aspects of information behaviour, showing the relationship between communication and information behaviour in general with information seeking and information searching in information retrieval systems. It is suggested that these models address issues at various levels of information behaviour and that they can be related by envisaging a ‘nesting’ of models. It is also suggested that, within both information seeking research and information searching research, alternative models address similar issues in related ways and that the models are complementary rather than conflicting. Finally, an alternative, problem-solving model is presented, which, it is suggested, provides a basis for relating the models in appropriate research strategies. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1108/EUM0000000007145 DP - Primo VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 249 EP - 270 LA - en SN - 0022-0418 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simplified model for facet analysis: Ranganathan 101 AU - Spiteri, Louise T2 - Canadian journal of information and library science DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 VL - 23 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 30 J2 - Canadian journal of information and library science LA - en SN - 1195-096X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relevance: The whole history AU - Mizzaro, Stefano T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science AB - Relevance is a fundamental, though not completely understood, concept for documentation, information science, and information retrieval. This article presents the history of relevance through an exhaustive review of the literature. Such history being very complex (about 160 papers are discussed), it is not simple to describe it in a comprehensible way. Thus, first of all a framework for establishing a common ground is defined, and then the history itself is illustrated via the presentation in chronological order of the papers on relevance. The history is divided into three periods (“Before 1958,” “1959–1976,” and “1977–present”) and, inside each period, the papers on relevance are analyzed under seven different aspects (methodological foundations, different kinds of relevance, beyond-topical criteria adopted by users, modes for expression of the relevance judgment, dynamic nature of relevance, types of document representation, and agreement among different judges). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199709)48:9<810::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-U DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 810 EP - 832 LA - en SN - 1097-4571 ST - Relevance UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4571%28199709%2948%3A9%3C810%3A%3AAID-ASI6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-U Y2 - 2019/01/27/23:04:52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A principle of uncertainty for information seeking AU - Kuhlthau, Carol C. T2 - Journal of Documentation DA - 1993/04/01/ PY - 1993 DO - 10.1108/eb026918 DP - emeraldinsight.com (Atypon) VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 339 EP - 355 J2 - Journal of Documentation LA - en SN - 0022-0418 UR - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/eb026918 Y2 - 2017/04/06/18:17:30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ranganathan in the Perspective of Advanced Information Retrieval AU - Ingwersen, Peter AU - Wormell, Irene T2 - Libri DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - ProQuest VL - 42 IS - 3 LA - en SN - 0024-2667 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/1304366227?pq-origsite=gscholar Y2 - 2018/03/20/19:51:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inside the Search Process: Information Seeking from the User's Perspective AU - Kuhlthau, Carol C. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DP - ProQuest VL - 42 IS - 5 LA - en SN - 0002-8231 UR - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1301244250/citation/2FBBEAD901A4984PQ/1 Y2 - 2017/04/06/18:09:37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface AU - Bates, Marcia J. T2 - Online Review AB - First, a new model of searching in online and other information systems, called ‘berrypicking’, is discussed. This model, it is argued, is much closer to the real behavior of information searchers than the traditional model of information retrieval is, and, consequently, will guide our thinking better in the design of effective interfaces. Second, the research literature of manual information seeking behavior is drawn on for suggestions of capabilities that users might like to have in online systems. Third, based on the new model and the research on information seeking, suggestions are made for how new search capabilities could be incorporated into the design of search interfaces. Particular attention is given to the nature and types of browsing that can be facilitated. DA - 1989/05/01/ PY - 1989 DP - emeraldinsight.com (Atypon) VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 407 EP - 424 J2 - Online Review LA - en SN - 0309-314X UR - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/eb024320 Y2 - 2017/04/06/17:54:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of information seeking and retrieving. II. Users, questions, and effectiveness AU - Saracevic, Tefko AU - Kantor, Paul T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science AB - The objectives of the study were to conduct a series of observations and experiments under as real-life a situation as possible related to: (1) user context of questions in information retrieval; (2) the structure and classification of questions; (3) cognitive traits and decision making of searchers; and (4) different searches of the same question. The study is presented in three parts: Part I presents the background of the study and describes the models, measures, methods, procedures and statistical analyses used. Part II is devoted to results related to users, questions and effectiveness measures, and Part III to results related to searchers, searches and overlap studies. A concluding summary of all results is presented in Part III. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198805)39:3<177::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-F DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 196 LA - en SN - 1097-4571 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4571%28198805%2939%3A3%3C177%3A%3AAID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-F Y2 - 2019/01/21/23:53:51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of information seeking and retrieving. III. Searchers, searches, and overlap AU - Saracevic, Tefko AU - Kantor, Paul T2 - Journal of the American Society for Information Science AB - The objectives of the study were to conduct a series of observations and experiments under as real-life situation as possible related to: (1) user context of questions in information retrieval; (2) the structure and classification of questions; (3) cognitive traits and decision making of searchers; and (4) diferent searches of the same question. The study is presented in three parts: Part I presents the background of the study and describes the models, measures, methods, procedures and statistical analyses used. Part II is devoted to results related to users, questions and effectiveness measures, and Part III to results related to searchers, searches and overlap studies. A concluding summary of all results is presented in Part III. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198805)39:3<197::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-A DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 197 EP - 216 LA - en SN - 1097-4571 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4571%28198805%2939%3A3%3C197%3A%3AAID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A Y2 - 2019/01/21/23:49:43 ER -